IPO ka paisa kahan se aata hai? Sachai samjhe

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Strategy
• Tools
• Mistakes
• FAQ
• Conclusion

IPO funding ka basic flow - paisa kaise move karta hai

IPO me paisa ka flow ek traffic signal ki tarah structured hota hai. Jaise Delhi metro ka ek fixed route hota hai, waise hi IPO funds ka bhi ek clear path hota hai. Pehle samjho ki IPO me paisa teen tarah se aata hai:

• Retail investors - Hum jaise chote investors jo 2 lakh tak ka application karte hain
• Institutional investors - Mutual funds, insurance companies aur foreign investors
• High net-worth individuals (HNIs) - Bade investors jo 2 lakh se zyada lagate hain

Yeh sab milke ek pool banate hain jisko company ko milta hai. 2025 me Paytm IPO me 18,300 crore ka pool bana tha - yeh paisa directly company ke bank account me jata hai, na ki kisi broker ya middleman ke paas.

Company ko milne wale paise ka breakdown

Maine dekha hai log sochte hain ki IPO ka saara paisa company ke pocket me chala jata hai. Sachai yeh hai ki har IPO me do tarah ke shares hote hain:

• Fresh issue - Naye shares jo company create karti hai (yeh paisa directly company ko milta hai)
• Offer for sale (OFS) - Existing shareholders ke shares (yeh paisa un investors ko jata hai)

Example ke liye, agar Zomato ka IPO dekhe to 9,375 crore me se 6,250 crore fresh issue tha (company ko gaya) aur 3,125 crore OFS tha (existing investors ko gaya). Isliye har IPO me company ko milne wala amount alag hota hai.

IPO premium ka sach - GMP ka real matlab

Grey market premium (GMP) sunke log sochte hain ki company extra paisa kama rahi hai. Par GMP ka company se koi lena-dena nahi hota. Ye toh black market me unofficial buying-selling hoti hai listing se pehle. Meri personal tip: GMP pe kabhi bharosa mat karo, kyuki 2024 me LIC IPO me GMP 400 tha par listing 8% niche hui thi.

Company ko bas wohi paisa milta hai jo issue price pe shares beche gaye. Agar issue price 500 hai aur listing 700 pe hui toh extra 200 ka fayda investors ko hota hai, company ko nahi.

5 common myths about IPO money - sachai janlo

• Myth 1: "Company IPO se instant ameer ho jati hai" - Sachai: Company ko bas fresh issue ka paisa milta hai, OFS ka nahi
• Myth 2: "Investors ka paisa company ke loss me chala jata hai" - Sachai: Nahi, listing ke baad toh market me buying-selling hoti hai
• Myth 3: "IPO price artificial tarike se badhaya jata hai" - Sachai: Merchant bankers valuation karte hain aur SEBI approve karta hai
• Myth 4: "Broker ko sabse zyada commission milta hai" - Sachai: Brokers ko 0.5-1% milta hai, bulk paisa company/investors ko jata hai
• Myth 5: "Listing gain company deti hai" - Sachai: Ye toh market demand-supply decide karti hai

Real case study: Nykaa IPO ka paisa kahan gaya?

2021 me Nykaa ka 5,352 crore ka IPO hua tha. Isme se 630 crore fresh issue tha jisse company ne:

• Retail stores expand kiye
• New warehouses banaye
• Technology upgrade kiya

Baki 4,722 crore OFS tha jo existing investors like TPG, Lighthouse Funds ko gaya. Is case me clearly dikh raha hai ki company ko sirf 12% paisa mila, baki 88% existing shareholders ne nikal liya.

FAQ

Kya IPO ka paisa company ke promoters ko milta hai?

Nahi, unless promoters apne shares bechte hain OFS me. Fresh issue ka paisa company ke business me use hota hai, promoters ke personal account me nahi jata. SEBI strict rules banata hai iske liye.

IPO fail hone par kya hota hai paise ka?

Agar IPO fully subscribe nahi hota toh money back ho jati hai investors ko. 2022 me Go Airlines ka IPO cancel hua tha aur sabko paisa wapas mil gaya tha.

Kya company IPO ke baad bhi paisa raise kar sakti hai?

Haan, FPO (Follow-on Public Offer) ya QIP (Qualified Institutional Placement) se. Reliance Industries ne 2020 me QIP se 53,124 crore raise kiye the.

Retail investors ka paisa safe rehta hai IPO me?

Haan, paisa escrow account me jata hai SEBI ke rules ke hisaab se. Agar listing se pehle company bankrupt bhi ho jaye toh investors ko refund mil jata hai.

Conclusion

IPO ka paisa koi jaadu nahi hai - yeh ek transparent process hai jisme company expansion ke liye funds leti hai aur existing investors exit opportunity paate hain. Smart investor banne ke liye har IPO ka prospectus padho ki fresh issue kitna hai aur OFS kitna hai. Zyada tar cases me OFS jyada hota hai, jo dikhata hai ki existing investors nikalna chahte hain. Agar aap IPO updates and guides section me regularly padhte rahenge toh aapko sahi companies identify karne me help milegi. Yaad rakho, IPO lottery nahi hai - fundamentals samjho, risks analyze karo, phir hi invest karo.

Ready to Grow?

Agar aap aur finance insights padhna chahte ho, toh finance blog section explore karo.

Category-wise deep guides ke liye stock market blogs, IPO updates and guides, aur banking and finance guides dekho.

Har article ko apni risk profile aur financial goals ke hisaab se evaluate karo.